^ [exponentiation]

All functions > MATH > ^ [exponentiation]

Raises a number to a power (integer or floating-point operands of the same type).

Syntax

base ^ exponent  ·  base ** exponent  ·  POW(base, exponent)

base ^ exponent  ·  base ** exponent  ·  POW(base, exponent)

Notes

• Both operands must be the same numeric type (both integer or both floating-point)
• POW(x, 0) is 1 for any non-zero x; POW(0, y) is 0 for positive y
• Returns NULL if either input is NULL
• You can write the operator as ^ or **

Related Functions

• POW()

Examples

^ and ** — integers

SELECT
    -- Caret exponentiation
    f1 := 2 ^ 3,
    -- Double-asterisk exponentiation
    f2 := 2 ^ 3
;

^ and ** — floating-point

SELECT
    -- Negative exponent
    f1 := 2.0e0 ^ (-2.0e0),
    -- Fractional exponent
    f2 := 4.0e0 ^ 0.5e0
;