All Functions This page lists all functions organized by category. Each function links to its documentation.
Use the backend filters to show only functions available on DuckDB, Trino, and/or Serving.
Show only functions available on
Showing all 426 functions
Function Categories
Core Semantics Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description ENTITY()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns a reference to an entity. INPUT()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns a reference to an input. KEY_TO_SCALAR()✓ ✓ ✓ Drop the entity annotation and keep the base type and unit KEY_PAIR()✓ ✓ ✓ Unordered pair of two identity keys from one family IS_KEY_BEFORE()✓ ✓ ✓ True when the first identity key is strictly before the second
Bind Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description BIND_VALUE()✓ ✓ ✓ Binds the given value to the given feature. BIND_VALUES()✓ ✓ ✓ Binds the given array of values to the given feature or features. BIND_COLUMNS()✓ ✓ ✓ Binds columns from a table to the given features. @BIND_KEYSET(...)✓ ✓ ✓ Binds entity keys from a keyset, keyset group, or mapped source.
Structural Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description RELATED()✓ ✓ ✓ Joins a feature or an aggregation using a key as base UNNEST()✓ ✓ ✓ Unnests an array of rows into a table of rows
Types Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description CAST()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the given expression casted to the given type, or raise an exception if the conversion... UNSAFE_CAST()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the given expression casted to the given type, allowing to change or remove entity type NULL()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns a NULL value of the given type. EMPTY()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns an EMPTY filling for empty parameters in functions.
Functions Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description VARIANT()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns a reference to a variant of the given feature with the given replacements in its... MACRO()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns a reference to a macro of the given feature with the given inputs. UDF()✓ ✓ ✓ Defines a polymorphic user-defined function with typed signatures and dialect SQL expressions.
Source Connection Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description SOURCE_HTTP()✗ ✗ ✓ Creates a HTTP connection to the given URI SOURCE_JDBC()✗ ✗ ✓ Creates a JDBC connection to the given DSN SOURCE_REDIS()✗ ✗ ✓ Creates a Redis connection to the given URI
Mapping Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description EXTERNAL_COLUMNS()✓ ✓ ✓ Mapping of source columns to features. EXTERNAL_REDIS()✗ ✗ ✓ Returns the value of the given key and field (optionally) from the given Redis source EXTERNAL_HTTP()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the JSON response from a HTTP call
Conditional Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description NULLIF()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns NULL when two values compare equal; otherwise returns the first value IF()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns one value if a condition is true, another if false CASE WHEN✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the result of the first condition that evaluates to true CASE WHEN VALUE✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the result corresponding to the first matching value in a simple case expression COALESCE(...)✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the first non-NULL value from a list of values
Logical Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description AND✓ ✓ ✓ Returns TRUE when both boolean operands are TRUE. OR✓ ✓ ✓ Returns TRUE when at least one boolean operand is TRUE. NOT✓ ✓ ✓ Returns FALSE if the operand is TRUE, TRUE if it is FALSE.
Comparison Equality Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description = [equals]✓ ✓ ✓ Returns TRUE if the first value equals the second value != [not]✓ ✓ ✓ Returns TRUE if the first value does not equal the second value IS NULL✓ ✓ ✓ Returns TRUE if the expression evaluates to NULL. IS NOT NULL✓ ✓ ✓ Returns TRUE if the expression does NOT evaluate to NULL. DISPLAYS AS✓ ✓ ✓ Returns TRUE if two values are not distinct, treating NULL values as comparable. IS NOT DISTINCT FROM✓ ✓ ✓ Returns TRUE if two values are not distinct, treating NULL values as comparable (SQL-standard... NOT DISPLAYS AS✓ ✓ ✓ Returns TRUE if two values are distinct, treating NULL values as comparable. IS DISTINCT FROM✓ ✓ ✓ Returns TRUE if two values are distinct, treating NULL values as comparable (SQL-standard spelling).
Ordering Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description < [less]✓ ✓ ✓ Returns TRUE if the first value is strictly less than the second value <= [less]✓ ✓ ✓ Returns TRUE if the first value is less than or equal to the second value > [greater]✓ ✓ ✓ Returns TRUE if the first value is strictly greater than the second value >= [greater]✓ ✓ ✓ Returns TRUE if the first value is greater than or equal to the second value BETWEEN✓ ✓ ✓ Returns TRUE if a value is within a specified range (inclusive) NOT BETWEEN✓ ✓ ✓ Returns TRUE if a value is NOT within a specified range (inclusive). LEAST(...)✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the least (minimum) value from a list of arguments. GREATEST(...)✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the greatest (maximum) value from a list of arguments.
Pattern Matching Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description LIKE✓ ✓ ✓ Returns TRUE if a string matches a specified pattern with wildcards. NOT LIKE✓ ✓ ✓ Returns TRUE if a string does NOT match a specified pattern with wildcards. LIKE multiple✓ ✓ ✓ Case-sensitive or case-insensitive pattern matching: `LIKE` / `ILIKE` with `ANY`, `ALL`, or `NONE`...
Set Operations Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description IN✓ ✓ ✓ Returns TRUE if a value exists in a list of values. NOT IN✓ ✓ ✓ Returns TRUE if a value does NOT exist in a list of values.
Math Arithmetic Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description + [addition]✓ ✓ ✓ Adds two numeric values, or adds an interval to a date or timestamp. UNARY_MINUS()✓ ✓ ✓ Negates a numeric expression (unary minus). UNARY_PLUS()✓ ✓ ✓ Explicit unary plus on an expression (no-op on the value). - [subtraction]✓ ✓ ✓ Subtracts the right-hand value from the left-hand value (numeric, temporal, or interval forms). FACTORIAL()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the factorial of a non-negative integer (n!). CLAMP()✓ ✓ ✓ Constrains a value to a closed interval: the result is the value limited to lie between low and... * [multiplication]✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the product of two numbers, or scales an interval by an integer factor. / [division]✓ ✓ ✓ Divides the left-hand number by the right-hand number, producing a DOUBLE result. // [type-preserving]✓ ✓ ✓ Divides the left-hand number by the right-hand number while preserving the dividend's type... % [remainder]✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the remainder after dividing the left-hand number by the right-hand number.
Rounding Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description ROUND()✓ ✓ ✓ Rounds a number to the nearest integer or to a specified number of decimal places. TRUNCATE()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the integer part of a number by discarding the fractional part. FLOOR()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the largest integer less than or equal to the input. CEIL()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the smallest integer greater than or equal to the input.
Sign And Absolute Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description ABS()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the absolute value of a number. SIGN()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the sign of a number: -1 for negative, 0 for zero, 1 for positive.
Exponential Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description ^ [exponentiation]✓ ✓ ✓ Raises a number to a power (integer or floating-point operands of the same type). SQRT()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the square root of a number. CBRT()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the cube root of a number. EXP()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns e raised to the power of the given number. LN()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the natural logarithm (base e) of a number. LOG()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the logarithm of a number to a specified base.
Trigonometric Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description COS()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the cosine of an angle in radians. SIN()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the sine of an angle in radians. TAN()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the tangent of an angle in radians. ACOS()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the arccosine (inverse cosine) of a number, in radians. ASIN()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the arcsine (inverse sine) of a number, in radians. ATAN()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the arctangent (inverse tangent) of a number, in radians. ATAN2()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the arctangent of y/x, using the signs of both arguments to determine the quadrant.
Hyperbolic Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description COSH()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number. SINH()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number. TANH()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number.
Angle Conversion Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description DEGREES()✓ ✓ ✓ Converts an angle from radians to degrees. RADIANS()✓ ✓ ✓ Converts an angle from degrees to radians.
Base Conversion Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description FROM_BASE()✗ ✓ ✗ Returns the decimal (base 10) equivalent of a number expressed in a specified base. TO_BASE()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the string representation of a decimal number in a specified base.
Constant Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description E()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the mathematical constant e (Euler's number). PI()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the mathematical constant π (pi).
Bucketing Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description WIDTH_BUCKET_REGULAR()✗ ✓ ✗ Returns the bucket number for a value in equally-spaced buckets within a range. WIDTH_BUCKET()✗ ✓ ✗ Returns the bucket number for a value in a histogram with custom bin boundaries.
Bitwise Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description Bitwise AND✓ ✗ ✗ Returns the bitwise AND of two bitstrings. Bitwise OR✓ ✗ ✗ Returns the bitwise OR of two bitstrings. Bitwise XOR✓ ✗ ✗ Returns the bitwise XOR (exclusive OR) of two bitstrings. Bitwise NOT✓ ✗ ✗ Returns the bitwise NOT (complement) of a bitstring, flipping every bit. Bitwise left shift✓ ✗ ✗ Returns the bitstring shifted left by N positions, filling with zeros on the right. Bitwise right shift✓ ✗ ✗ Returns the bitstring shifted right by N positions, filling with zeros on the left. BIT_COUNT()✓ ✓ ✗ Returns the number of 1-bits in the two’s-complement binary representation of an integer.
String Case Conversion Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description LOWER()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the string with all characters converted to lowercase. UPPER()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the string with all characters converted to uppercase. TITLE()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the string with the first letter of each whitespace-delimited word in uppercase and the...
Padding And Trimming Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description TRIM()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the string with whitespace from both ends removed. LTRIM()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the string with whitespace from the left (beginning) removed. RTRIM()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the string with whitespace from the right (end) removed. LPAD()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the string padded on the left to a specified length with a padding string. RPAD()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the string padded on the right to a specified length with a padding string.
Search String Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description STARTS_WITH()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns TRUE if a string starts with a specified prefix. ENDS_WITH()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns TRUE if a string ends with a specified suffix. POSITION✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the 1-based index of the first occurrence of a substring within a string. STRPOS()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the position of a substring within a string, optionally finding the N-th occurrence.
Extraction String Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description LEFT()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the first `n` characters of the string (or the full string when `n` is greater than its... RIGHT()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the last `n` characters of the string (or the full string when `n` is greater than its... SUBSTR()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns a substring from a string starting at a specified position. SPLIT()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns an array of substrings from a string split by a delimiter. SPLIT_PART()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns a specific part of a string after splitting by a delimiter.
Transformation String Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description REVERSE()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the string with all characters in reverse order. REPLACE()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the string with all occurrences of a substring replaced with another substring. FORMAT(...)✓ ✓ ✓ Builds a VARCHAR from a C-style format string and one scalar argument per placeholder. TRANSLATE()✓ ✓ ✗ Returns a string with character-level replacements applied based on character-to-character mappings. BASE64_ENCODE()✓ ✗ ✗ Encodes a string as standard Base64 text. BASE64_DECODE()✓ ✗ ✗ Decodes a Base64 string back to plain text. HEX_ENCODE()✓ ✗ ✗ Encodes a string as a contiguous hexadecimal string (two hex digits per byte). HEX_DECODE()✓ ✗ ✗ Decodes a contiguous hexadecimal string back to plain text. URL_ENCODE()✓ ✗ ✗ Encodes a string for safe use in URL components using percent-encoding (RFC 3986). URL_DECODE()✓ ✗ ✗ Decodes a percent-encoded string (RFC 3986).
Concatenation Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description CONCAT(...)✓ ✓ ✓ Returns a single concatenated string from a list of strings. || [concatenation]✓ ✓ ✓ Concatenates two strings; chains associate to the left (same underlying `CONCAT_FN` bundle as... CONCAT_WS(...)✓ ✓ ✓ Returns a concatenated string from a list of strings with a separator between each element.
Character Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description LENGTH()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the number of characters in a string. CHR()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the character corresponding to the given Unicode code point. CODEPOINT()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the Unicode code point of a one-character string.
Distance Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description HAMMING_DISTANCE()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the Hamming distance between two strings of equal length. LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the Levenshtein (edit) distance between two strings.
Phonetic Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description WORD_STEM()✗ ✓ ✗ Returns the stem (root form) of a word using language-specific stemming rules. SOUNDEX()✗ ✓ ✗ Returns a four-character Soundex code representing the phonetic sound of a string.
Validation String Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description LUHN_CHECK()✗ ✓ ✗ Returns TRUE if a string passes the Luhn algorithm (modulus 10 checksum).
Hash Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description MD5()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the MD5 hash of a string as a 32-character hexadecimal string. SHA1()✓ ✓ ✗ Returns the SHA-1 hash of a string as a 40-character hexadecimal string. SHA256()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the SHA-256 hash of a string as a 64-character hexadecimal string.
Regex Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description REGEX_CONTAINS()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns TRUE if the haystack string contains a match for the regular expression pattern (substring... REGEX_MATCH()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns TRUE if the entire string matches the regular expression pattern. Unlike REGEX_CONTAINS,... REGEX_EXTRACT_FIRST()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the first substring that matches the pattern, optionally selecting a capture group index (0... REGEX_EXTRACT_ALL()✓ ✓ ✗ Returns an array of every non-overlapping substring that matches the pattern, in left-to-right... REGEX_SPLIT()✓ ✓ ✗ Splits a string by a regular expression pattern and returns the parts between matches as an array. REGEX_REPLACE_FIRST()✓ ✗ ✓ Returns the haystack with the first regular-expression match replaced by the replacement string. REGEX_REPLACE_ALL()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the haystack with every non-overlapping regular-expression match replaced by the...
Date And Time Date/timestamp arithmetic Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description ADD()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the timestamp after adding an interval to a date or timestamp. DATE_ADD()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the date/timestamp after adding a given number of a given units to the given date or... SUBTRACT()✓ ✓ ✓ Subtracts an interval from a timestamp or date, or returns the interval between two timestamps or... DATE_SUBTRACT()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the number of complete elapsed units in timestamp1 − timestamp2. Chaining-friendly: the... DATE_DIFF()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the number of calendar boundary crossings in timestamp1 − timestamp2. Same argument order...
Calendar queries Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description FIRST_DAY_OF()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the first calendar day of the period containing the given date or timestamp, as midnight on... LAST_DAY_OF()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the last calendar day of the period containing the given date or timestamp, as midnight on... DAYS_IN()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the number of calendar days in the MONTH, QUARTER, HALF (half-year), or YEAR that contains...
Sequence generation Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description SEQUENCE()✓ ✓ ✓ Generates an inclusive array of dates or timestamps separated by an interval. DATE_SEQUENCE()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns an array of timestamps: `count` values beginning at `start`, each separated by `interval`.
Extraction Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description DATE_PART()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the part of the given timestamp in the given unit. DAY()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the day component of a date or timestamp. HOUR()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the hour component of a date or timestamp. MINUTE()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the minute component of a date or timestamp. MONTH()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the month component of a date or timestamp. QUARTER()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the quarter component of a date or timestamp. SECOND()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the second component of a date or timestamp. WEEK()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the week component of a date or timestamp. YEAR()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the year component of a date or timestamp.
Truncation and formatting Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description DATE_TRUNC()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the given date or timestamp truncated to the given unit. DATE_FORMAT()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns a string from the given date or timestamp and format. TO_ISO8601()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns an ISO 8601 string from the given timestamp or interval.
Parsing and construction Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description DATE_PARSE()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns a timestamp from the given string and format. FROM_ISO8601_TIMESTAMP()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns a timestamp from the given ISO 8601 string. MAKE_DATE()✓ ✓ ✓ Builds a DATE from a ROW of calendar components. MAKE_TIMESTAMP()✓ ✓ ✓ Builds a TIMESTAMP from a ROW of calendar and clock components.
Unix time conversion Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description FROM_UNIXTIME()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns a timestamp from the given unix timestamp (BIGINT representation of the number of seconds... TO_UNIXTIME()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns a unix timestamp (DECIMAL seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC) from the given date or...
Timezone conversion Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description LOCAL_TO_UTC()✓ ✓ ✓ Treats a naive TIMESTAMP as local wall time in the given zone and returns the same instant as a... UTC_TO_LOCAL()✓ ✓ ✓ Interprets a naive UTC TIMESTAMP as an instant and returns it in the given timezone (TIMESTAMPTZ).
Interval operations Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description MAKE_INTERVAL()✓ ✓ ✓ Builds an INTERVAL from a ROW of duration components. FROM_ISO8601_INTERVAL()✓ ✗ ✗ Returns an interval from the given ISO 8601 duration string. INTERVAL_PARSE()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns an interval from the given duration string. INTERVAL_TO_MS()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the truncated number of milliseconds in the given interval. TO_ISO8601()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns an ISO 8601 duration string from the given interval. MULTIPLY()✓ ✓ ✓ Scales an interval by an integer factor.
Json Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description JSON_PARSE()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the given string as a JSON expression. JSON_PARSE_AS()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the value of a JSON expression represented as a string in the given type. JSON_EXTRACT()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the value of the given JSON path in the given JSON expression. JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the scalar value of the given JSON path in the given JSON expression. JSON_FORMAT()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the given JSON expression as a string. JSON_ARRAY_COUNT()✓ ✓ ✗ Returns the number of elements in a JSON array. JSON_KEYS()✓ ✗ ✓ Returns the keys of a JSON object as an array of strings. JSON_TYPE()✓ ✗ ✗ Returns the type of a JSON value as a string.
Array Element Access Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description ELEMENT_AT_POS()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the element at the specified position in an array. ELEMENTS_AT_POS()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the elements at multiple specified positions in an array. SLICE_LEN()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns a slice of an array using start:length:step semantics. SLICE_END()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the elements at multiple specified positions in an array.
Search And Lookup Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description CONTAINS()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns TRUE if the array contains the specified element. CONTAINS_SEQUENCE()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns TRUE if the array contains the specified sequence as a contiguous subsequence. ARRAY_POSITION()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the 1-based position of the first occurrence of an element in an array. ARRAY_LOOKUP(...)✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the value corresponding to a lookup key using parallel key-value arrays.
Filtering And Transformation Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description ARRAY_SORT()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the sorted version of an array. ARRAY_REVERSE()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the reverse of an array. ARRAY_ENUMERATE()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns an array of rows pairing each 1-based position with the corresponding element. ARRAY_ENUMERATE_FLATTEN()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns an array of rows pairing each 1-based position with the flattened fields of the... ARRAY_ROTATE()✓ ✗ ✗ Returns a new array whose elements are rotated circularly; positive amounts shift left, negative... NGRAMS()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns adjacent n-element sub-sequences (n-grams) sliding across the input array. ARRAY_DISTINCT()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns an array with distinct elements, in order of first occurrence. ARRAY_REMOVE()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns an array with all occurrences of the specified element removed. FLATTEN()✓ ✓ ✓ Flattens a nested array structure into a single-level array.
Set Operations Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description ARRAY_UNION()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the union of two arrays, keeping the first occurrence of each element. ARRAY_INTERSECT()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the intersection of two arrays using set semantics. ARRAY_EXCEPT()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the difference of two arrays using set semantics. ARRAYS_OVERLAP()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns TRUE if any elements are common between the two arrays.
Aggregation And Statistics Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description ARRAY_COUNT()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the number of elements in an array. ARRAY_SUM()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the sum of all numeric elements in an array. ARRAY_PRODUCT()✓ ✗ ✗ Returns the product of all numeric elements in an array as a DOUBLE. ARRAY_MEDIAN()✓ ✗ ✗ Returns the statistical median of numeric array elements as a DOUBLE. ARRAY_STDDEV_POP()✓ ✗ ✗ Returns the population standard deviation (divide by N) of numeric array elements as a DOUBLE. ARRAY_STDDEV_SAMP()✓ ✗ ✗ Returns the sample standard deviation (divide by N-1) of numeric array elements as a DOUBLE. ARRAY_VAR_POP()✓ ✗ ✗ Returns the population variance (divide by N) of numeric array elements as a DOUBLE. ARRAY_VAR_SAMP()✓ ✗ ✗ Returns the sample variance (divide by N-1) of numeric array elements as a DOUBLE. ARRAY_AVG()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the arithmetic mean (average) of all numeric elements in an array. ARRAY_MIN()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the smallest value in an array using natural ordering. ARRAY_MAX()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the largest value in an array using natural ordering. ARRAY_HISTOGRAM()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns a frequency histogram of values in an array as an array of value-count pairs.
Boolean Operations Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description ALL(...)✓ ✓ ✓ Returns TRUE if all elements in the boolean array are true. ANY(...)✓ ✓ ✓ Returns TRUE if any element in the boolean array is true. NONE(...)✓ ✓ ✓ Returns TRUE if no elements in the boolean array are true. ARRAY_NOT()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns an array with inverted boolean values (logical NOT applied to each element).
Array Combination Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description ARRAY_CONCAT(...)✓ ✓ ✓ Concatenates multiple arrays into a single combined array with optional deduplication. COMBINATIONS()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns all 2-element sub-groups of the input array as an array of 2-element arrays. PERMUTATIONS()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns all ordered 2-element selections from the input array as an array of 2-element arrays.
Array Generation Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description REPEAT()✓ ✓ ✓ Creates an array by repeating an element a specified number of times.
String Conversion Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description ARRAY_JOIN()✓ ✓ ✓ Joins the elements of an array into a single string using a specified delimiter.
Vector Operations Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description COSINE_SIMILARITY()✓ ✓ ✓ Calculates the cosine similarity between two arrays. DOT_PRODUCT()✓ ✓ ✓ Calculates the dot product of two arrays. EUCLIDEAN_DISTANCE()✓ ✓ ✓ Calculates the Euclidean distance between two arrays. NORMALIZE()✓ ✓ ✓ Normalizes a numeric array by dividing each element by the sum of all elements.
Row Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description MERGE(...)✓ ✓ ✓ Merges multiple row structures into a single row with combined fields
Array Of Rows Indexing Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description INDEX_UNIQUE()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns an index unique computed from the given array and key. INDEX_MULTI()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns an index multi computed from the given array and key. ELEMENT_AT_KEY()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns one element at the given key from the given index, array or array of rows. ELEMENTS_AT_KEY()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns multiple elements at the given key from the given index, array or array of rows.
Other Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description EXTRACT(...)✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the extracted fields from the given expression. UNWRAP()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the first field values from an array of single-field rows as a simple array. UNWRAP_ONE()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the value of the first field of the first element in an array of single-field rows. ZIP(...)✓ ✓ ✓ Combines multiple arrays into a single array of structured rows with named fields. ARRAY_MERGE(...)✓ ✓ ✓ Merges multiple arrays of rows element-wise into a single array of combined rows, with optional... CARRY(...)✓ ✓ ✓ Carries one or more scalar values into each row of an array of rows, adding them as new fields EXTEND(...)✓ ✓ ✓ Adds computed feature fields to a base row or array of rows with field bindings TRANSFORM✓ ✓ ✓ Transforms an array of rows using a subquery with optional METHOD RECURSE(...)✓ ✗ ✗ Produces an array of rows by iterating a seed ROW, optionally traversing entity relationships
Group By Numeric Counting Boolean Collection Statistical Window Function Numeric Counting Boolean Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description BOOL_AND() OVER ...✓ ✓ ✓ Returns TRUE if all boolean values in the window frame are true. BOOL_OR() OVER ...✓ ✓ ✓ Returns TRUE if any boolean value in the window frame is true.
Numbering Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description ROW_NUMBER() OVER ...✓ ✓ ✓ Returns a unique sequential number for each row within its partition, starting at 1. RANK() OVER ...✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the rank of the current row within its partition, with gaps. Rows with equal values for the... DENSE_RANK() OVER ...✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the rank of the current row within its partition, without gaps. Similar to RANK but... NTILE() OVER ...✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the bucket number (1 to n) for each row in a partition, where n is the number of buckets. PERCENT_RANK() OVER ...✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the relative rank of the current row: (rank - 1) / (total rows - 1). CUME_DIST() OVER ...✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the cumulative distribution: (number of rows <= current row) / (total rows).
Offset Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description LEAD() OVER ...✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the value from the row that leads (follows) the current row by a specified offset within... LAG() OVER ...✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the value from the row that lags (precedes) the current row by a specified offset within... FIRST_VALUE() OVER ...✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the first value in the window frame. LAST_VALUE() OVER ...✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the last value in the window frame. NTH_VALUE() OVER ...✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the value at the nth row of the window frame.
Collection Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description ANY_VALUE() OVER ...✓ ✓ ✓ Returns an arbitrary non-null value from the window frame, if one exists. ARRAY_AGG() OVER ...✓ ✓ ✓ Returns an array of all values in the window frame. MIN_BY() OVER ...✓ ✓ ✗ Returns the value of the first expression corresponding to the minimum value of the second... MAX_BY() OVER ...✓ ✓ ✗ Returns the value of the first expression corresponding to the maximum value of the second... STRING_AGG() OVER ...✓ ✗ ✗ Concatenates string values in the window frame in order up to the current row, separated by the...
Statistical Exploration Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description IS_DOWNSTREAM_OF()✓ ✗ ✗ Returns TRUE if the current feature is dependent of the given feature in the dependency DAG IS_UPSTREAM_OF()✓ ✗ ✗ Returns TRUE if the current feature is a dependency of the given feature in the dependency DAG DEPTH_RELATIVE_TO()✓ ✗ ✗ Returns the depth of the current feature relative to the given feature in the dependency DAG
Other Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description KEYSET()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns a reference to a keyset. KEYSET_GROUP()✓ ✓ ✓ Defines an ordered set of interchangeable keysets. PREPARED_STATEMENT()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns a reference to a prepared statement of the given feature with the given inputs. TYPEOF()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the type of the given expression in FeatureQL. DESCRIBE()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns catalog and type metadata for an expression as a typed ROW. SQLTYPEOF()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the name of the translated storage type for the expression (after FeatureQL is lowered for... VERSION()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns registry version; reload time is set only on a dev workstation. SQLVERSION()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the active SQL dialect name and the backend database version.
Business Time Travel Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description SCD_AT_TIME()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the state of an SCD (slowly changing dimension) value at the given point in time. ACCUMULATION_AT_TIME()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the state of an accumulation of events at the given point in time.
Growth Accounting Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description TO_ACTIVITY_BITS()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the activity bits for the given array of activity dates and date reference. FROM_ACTIVITY_BITS()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the activity dates for the given activity bits and date reference. BINARY_REPRESENTATION()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the binary representation as a string of the given activity bits UPDATE_ACTIVITY_BIT()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the activity bits for the given activity bits and whether the current day is active. IS_ACTIVE()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns whether the given activity bits is active for the given time period ACTIVITY_STATUS()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the activity status between two time periods for the given activity bits COUNT_ACTIVE()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the number of active days for the given activity bits and time period RECENCY()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the number of days since the last active day for the given activity bits
Experimentation Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description HASH01()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns a value between 0 and 1 based on the given hashing key. GRADUAL_ROLLOUT()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the exposure to a new version based on the given hashing key and rollout parameters.
Simulations Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description SAMPLE_UNIFORM()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns a value uniformly chosen between two bounds based on the given hashing key. SAMPLE_GAUSSIAN()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns a value chosen from a normal distribution between two bounds based on the given hashing key. SAMPLE_VALUE(...)✓ ✓ ✓ Returns a value from the given array of values and proportions based on the given hashing key. SAMPLE_BOOL()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the discrete event (true or false) with the given probability based on the given hashing... SAMPLE_EXPONENTIAL()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns a value drawn from an exponential distribution with the given rate, based on the given... SAMPLE_POISSON()✓ ✓ ✗ Returns an integer drawn from a Poisson distribution with the given rate, based on the given... SAMPLE_LOGNORMAL()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns a value drawn from a log-normal distribution, clamped to [lower, upper], based on the given... SAMPLE_GEOMETRIC()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the number of trials until first success, drawn from a geometric distribution, based on the... SAMPLE_WEIBULL()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns a value drawn from a Weibull distribution based on the given hashing key.
Non Deterministic Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description CURRENT_TIMESTAMP()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the current date and time. RANDOM()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns a random number in the range 0.0 <= x < 1.0
Other Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description EVAL_CONST()✓ ✓ ✓ Returns the result of evaluating a constant formula as a literal.
Geospatial Constructor Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description ST_GEOMPOINT()✓ ✓ ✗ Creates a GEOMETRY point from x and y coordinates. ST_GEOGPOINT()✓ ✓ ✗ Creates a GEOGRAPHY point from longitude and latitude coordinates in WGS84. ST_GEOMFROMTEXT()✓ ✓ ✗ Creates a GEOMETRY value from a WKT (Well Known Text) string. ST_GEOGFROMTEXT()✓ ✓ ✗ Creates a GEOGRAPHY value from a WKT (Well Known Text) string. Coordinates are interpreted as... ST_MAKELINE()✓ ✗ ✗ Creates a LINESTRING from two geometry or geography inputs. ST_MAKEPOLYGON()✓ ✗ ✗ Creates a POLYGON from a closed LineString shell. ST_COLLECT()✓ ✗ ✗ Combines two geometries or geographies into a collection without dissolving boundaries. ST_GEOMFROMWKB()✓ ✓ ✗ Creates a GEOMETRY value from a WKB (Well Known Binary) byte string. ST_GEOGFROMWKB()✓ ✓ ✗ Creates a GEOGRAPHY value from a WKB (Well Known Binary) byte string. Coordinates are interpreted... ST_GEOMFROMGEOJSON()✓ ✗ ✗ Creates a GEOMETRY value from a GeoJSON string. ST_GEOGFROMGEOJSON()✓ ✗ ✗ Creates a GEOGRAPHY value from a GeoJSON string. Coordinates are interpreted as lon/lat in WGS84. ST_TOGEOGRAPHY()✓ ✓ ✗ Casts a GEOMETRY to GEOGRAPHY, reinterpreting coordinates as lon/lat in WGS84 without reprojection. ST_TOGEOMETRY()✓ ✓ ✗ Casts a GEOGRAPHY to GEOMETRY, reinterpreting the WGS84 lon/lat coordinates as planar x/y without...
Serialization Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description ST_ASTEXT()✓ ✓ ✗ Returns the WKT (Well Known Text) representation of a geometry or geography. ST_ASGEOJSON()✓ ✗ ✗ Returns the GeoJSON representation of a geometry or geography. ST_ASWKB()✓ ✓ ✗ Returns the WKB (Well Known Binary) representation of a geometry or geography.
Measurement Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description ST_DISTANCE()✓ ✓ ✗ Returns the minimum distance between two geometries or geographies. ST_AREA()✓ ✓ ✗ Returns the area of a geometry or geography. ST_LENGTH()✓ ✓ ✗ Returns the length of a linear geometry or geography. ST_PERIMETER()✓ ✗ ✗ Returns the perimeter of an areal geometry or geography. ST_AZIMUTH()✓ ✓ ✗ Returns the azimuth angle in radians from point A to point B, measured clockwise from north...
Predicate Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description ST_INTERSECTS()✓ ✓ ✗ Returns TRUE if two geometries or geographies share any portion of space. ST_CONTAINS()✓ ✓ ✗ Returns TRUE if geometry/geography A fully contains geometry/geography B. ST_WITHIN()✓ ✓ ✗ Returns TRUE if geometry/geography A is fully within geometry/geography B. ST_DWITHIN()✓ ✓ ✗ Returns TRUE if the distance between two geometries or geographies is less than or equal to a... ST_EQUALS()✓ ✓ ✗ Returns TRUE if two geometries or geographies represent the same point set. ST_DISJOINT()✓ ✓ ✗ Returns TRUE if two geometries or geographies do not share any space. ST_TOUCHES()✓ ✓ ✗ Returns TRUE if two geometries share boundary points but no interior points. ST_CROSSES()✓ ✓ ✗ Returns TRUE if two geometries have some but not all interior points in common. ST_OVERLAPS()✓ ✓ ✗ Returns TRUE if two geometries of the same dimension have overlapping interiors.
Accessor Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description ST_X()✓ ✓ ✗ Returns the X coordinate of a point (or longitude for geography). ST_Y()✓ ✓ ✗ Returns the Y coordinate of a point (or latitude for geography). ST_GEOMETRYTYPE()✓ ✓ ✗ Returns the OGC type name of a geometry or geography as a string. ST_NUMPOINTS()✓ ✗ ✗ Returns the total number of vertices in a geometry or geography. ST_NUMGEOMETRIES()✓ ✓ ✗ Returns the number of sub geometries in a collection, or 1 for singular geometries. ST_DIMENSION()✓ ✓ ✗ Returns the topological dimension of a geometry or geography. ST_ISEMPTY()✓ ✓ ✗ Returns TRUE if a geometry or geography is empty. ST_ISVALID()✓ ✓ ✗ Returns TRUE if a geometry is topologically valid (no self intersections, proper ring closure,... ST_SRID()✓ ✗ ✗ Returns the SRID (Spatial Reference ID) of a geometry. ST_ISCLOSED()✓ ✓ ✗ Returns TRUE if a geometry is closed (start point equals end point for lines; always TRUE for... ST_STARTPOINT()✓ ✓ ✗ Returns the first vertex of a LineString. ST_ENDPOINT()✓ ✓ ✗ Returns the last vertex of a LineString. ST_ISSIMPLE()✓ ✓ ✗ Returns TRUE if a geometry has no anomalous geometric points such as self-intersections or... ST_GEOMPOINTN()✓ ✓ ✗ Returns the Nth vertex of a LineString (1-indexed). ST_ISPOINT()✓ ✓ ✗ Returns TRUE if the geometry or geography is a Point. ST_EXTERIORRING()✓ ✓ ✗ Returns the outer ring of a Polygon as a LineString. ST_ISLINE()✓ ✓ ✗ Returns TRUE if the geometry or geography is a LineString. ST_ISPOLYGON()✓ ✓ ✗ Returns TRUE if the geometry or geography is a Polygon. ST_NUMINTERIORRINGS()✓ ✓ ✗ Returns the number of interior rings (holes) in a Polygon. ST_INTERIORRINGN()✓ ✗ ✗ Returns the Nth interior ring (hole) of a Polygon as a LineString (1-indexed). ST_ISCOLLECTION()✓ ✓ ✗ Returns TRUE if the geometry or geography is a Multi* or GeometryCollection. ST_GEOMETRYN()✓ ✓ ✗ Returns the Nth sub-geometry from a geometry collection (1-indexed).
Transformation Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description ST_CENTROID()✓ ✓ ✗ Returns the geometric center of mass (centroid) of a geometry or geography. ST_BUFFER()✓ ✗ ✗ Returns a geometry/geography that represents all points within a given distance of the input. ST_ENVELOPE()✓ ✓ ✗ Returns the bounding box of a geometry or geography as a polygon. ST_CONVEXHULL()✓ ✗ ✗ Returns the convex hull of a geometry or geography. ST_SIMPLIFY()✓ ✓ ✗ Returns a simplified version of a geometry using the Douglas Peucker algorithm. ST_INTERSECTION()✓ ✗ ✗ Returns the geometry/geography representing the point set intersection of two inputs. ST_UNION()✓ ✗ ✗ Returns the geometry/geography representing the point set union of two inputs. ST_DIFFERENCE()✓ ✗ ✗ Returns the geometry/geography representing the point set difference of A minus B. ST_SYMDIFFERENCE()✓ ✗ ✗ Returns the geometry/geography representing the point set symmetric difference of two inputs (union... ST_REVERSE()✓ ✗ ✗ Returns a geometry with the vertex order of each component reversed. ST_SNAP_TO_GRID()✓ ✗ ✗ Snaps all vertices of a geometry to a uniform grid with the given cell size. ST_SETSRID()✓ ✗ ✗ Sets the SRID on a geometry without modifying or reprojecting coordinates. ST_TRANSFORM()✓ ✗ ✗ Reprojects a geometry from its current SRID to a target SRID. ST_DUMP()✓ ✗ ✗ Explodes a Multi* or GeometryCollection into an array of its component geometries.
Aggregation Function DuckDB Trino Serving Description ST_UNION_AGG()✓ ✗ ✗ Aggregate function that dissolves all geometries in a group into a single geometry. ST_COLLECT_AGG()✓ ✗ ✗ Aggregate function that collects all geometries in a group into a single GeometryCollection without... ST_EXTENT()✓ ✗ ✗ Aggregate function that returns the bounding box of all geometries in a group as a polygon.
Summary